Course four
Reading a Nepali Bank’s Financial Statements
A line-by-line reference for the quarterly report of a Class “A” commercial bank, across 20 chapters and 51 lessons. Every balance-sheet and profit-or-loss line, every ratio NRB requires with its formula and limits, the distributable-profit statement that decides what may be paid as dividend, the NFRS and NAS policies behind the numbers, and the segment, related-party and concentration disclosures.
Built on the NRB-prescribed reporting format, so it applies to every commercial bank in Nepal — not one institution.
Taught by Sandeep Kumar Chaudhary · free · physical and online · two weeks. He also teaches Nepal Tax 2083/84, Fundamental Analysis and technical analysis on this site.
On regulatory figures — read this first.
Capital adequacy minimums, loan-loss provisioning rates, the CD ratio ceiling, reserve appropriation percentages and tax rates change, sometimes by circular mid-year. Every such figure in this course is flagged as regulation-dependent, with the framework named and an instruction to verify it against the NRB Unified Directives in force for your reporting period. The formulas are permanent; the thresholds are not.
In the lessons that flag is written [R] — regulation-dependent, check the current directive.
Worked examples use an invented bank so the arithmetic can be followed end to end. Where a real published figure is cited to show how a report actually looks, it is labelled as such. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy or sell anything.
20 chapters · 51 lessons · 12h 7m
New to reading accounts? Start with Fundamental Analysis — it covers the three statements for any company before this course specialises them for a bank.
Module 1 · The core statements
- Chapter 01
Part 1 — Statement of Financial Position
The balance sheet of a bank, line by line — and why 10x leverage is the reason capital regulation exists.
- The balance sheet, and the first asset lines16 min
- Loans and investment securities18 min
- Tax assets, subsidiaries, property and goodwill17 min
- Deferred tax, other assets, and the first liabilities17 min
- Deposits, borrowings, debentures and share capital20 min
- Reserves, retained earnings and total equity17 min
- Chapter 02
Part 2 — Statement of Profit or Loss
The profit waterfall: interest, fees, trading, impairment and what each tells you.
- Chapter 03
Part 3 — Other Comprehensive Income
Real gains and losses that deliberately bypass profit — and never touch EPS.
Module 2 · Cash, equity and the regulatory statements
- Chapter 04
Part 4 — Statement of Cash Flows
Direct method, and why a profitable growing bank shows negative operating cash flow.
- Chapter 05
Part 5 — Statement of Changes in Equity
The grid that answers what actually happened to the profit.
- Chapter 06
Part 6 — NRB Ratios and Performance Ratios
Every published ratio: formula, numerator, denominator, interpretation and limits.
- Chapter 07
Part 7 — Distributable Profit
How accounting profit becomes what may legally be paid as dividend.
Module 3 · Policies and disclosures
- Chapter 08
Part 8 — Accounting Policies, NFRS and NAS
The rules behind every number: NFRS 9, ECL, revenue, employee benefits, leases and tax.
- The NFRS framework, carve-outs and consolidation14 min
- Business combinations, foreign exchange and NFRS 914 min
- Fair value, the hierarchy, and the ECL model16 min
- The three stages, PD, LGD, EAD and the higher-of rule15 min
- Revenue recognition and non-financial assets16 min
- Employee benefits, leases and deferred tax14 min
- Capital instruments, provisions and earnings per share9 min
- Chapter 09
Part 9 — Segment Information
Where a bank actually earns — and the disclosure that overturns headline conclusions.
- Chapter 10
Part 10 — Related Party Disclosures
Connected lending, key management personnel, and why the promoter-loan line matters most.
- Chapter 11
Part 11 — Other Disclosures and Exposure Concentration
The risk that appears in no other ratio.
- Chapter 12
Part 12 — Regulatory, Governance and Market Terms
NRB, SEBON, ICAN, NEPSE, BAFIA and the institutional landscape.
Module 4 · Putting it together
- Chapter 13
Part 13 — A Complete Worked Bank
Seven statements that tie exactly, and fifteen transactions traced through every one.
- Chapter 14
Part 14 — How to Read a Quarterly Report
A ten-step method, twelve red flags and six false alarms.
- Chapter 15
Part 15 — NFRS Accounting vs NRB Regulation
One set of statements, two rulebooks, and why the gap between them is the information.
- Chapter 16
Part 16 — How the Statements Connect
Eight linkages, fourteen ties, and one number traced to thirteen destinations.
Module 5 · Reference
- Chapter 17
Part 17 — Formula Sheet
Every formula, with variables defined and the period basis stated.
- Chapter 18
Part 18 — A–Z Glossary
Seventy abbreviations, the standards reference, and the Nepal-only terms.
- Chapter 19
Part 19 — Analyst Checklist
A working checklist, from first look to written verdict.
- Chapter 20
Part 20 — Final Revision
One page per part, and the twenty things that matter most.
Questions people actually ask
- What does this course cover?
- Every part of a Class A commercial bank's quarterly report, in the order it is published: the statement of financial position, profit or loss, other comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in equity; every NRB ratio with its formula; the distributable-profit statement; the NFRS and NAS accounting policies behind the numbers, including NFRS 9 and expected credit loss; the segment, related-party and concentration disclosures; the regulators and market terms; a complete worked bank; a method for reading a quarterly report; and a formula sheet, glossary and checklist.
- Does it apply to one bank or to all of them?
- All of them. It is built on the NRB-prescribed reporting format, which every commercial bank in Nepal publishes on, so the line names, ratios and disclosures are the same from bank to bank. Worked examples use an invented bank so the arithmetic can be followed end to end; where a real published figure is cited to show how a report actually looks, it is labelled as such.
- Does it state the current capital, provisioning and CD ratio requirements?
- Not as current fact. Capital adequacy minimums, loan-loss provisioning rates, the CD ratio ceiling, reserve appropriation percentages and tax rates change, sometimes by circular mid-year. Every such figure is flagged [R], regulation-dependent, with the framework named and an instruction to verify it against the NRB Unified Directives in force for your reporting period. The formulas are permanent; the thresholds are not.
- What is distributable profit, and why does it get a whole part?
- It is the statement that turns accounting profit into what may legally be paid as dividend. The course walks through the statutory appropriations that come first and the nine regulatory adjustments NRB strips out, such as accrued interest, foreclosed property, deferred tax, goodwill and actuarial losses, to reach what is actually left for shareholders. The per-share figure can move in the opposite direction to EPS, which is why it is the step almost everyone skips and the one that changes the conclusion.
- Is there a method for reading a bank's quarterly report?
- Yes. Part 14 is a ten-step reading order that takes about ninety minutes: run the fourteen consistency checks first, read management's own disclosures, decompose the profit, test the asset-quality trio rather than NPL alone, look through the capital ratio to CET 1, read the cash flow for quality of earnings, then the changes in equity, distributable profit, segment and concentration notes. It ends with twelve red flags and six things that look alarming but usually are not.
- Do I need Fundamental Analysis before this course, and how is it taught?
- If you are new to reading accounts, start with Fundamental Analysis, which covers the three statements for any company before this course specialises them for a bank. Sandeep Kumar Chaudhary teaches this course as a two-week cohort, physically and online, and it is free — the cohort and the full written version here alike, with no fee and no sign-up.
Twenty teaching days, plus two reference chapters — the master formula sheet, and the checklist, final project and glossary. Every lesson listed above exists; the counts here are read from the pages themselves rather than written by hand, so they cannot drift.
